mwerali: Temur gorgaZe

qristianoba

wm. iesos mier naqadagebi sarwmunoeba. dResdReobiT  msoflioS.(1,5 m.l.r.d qristiani cxovrobs. Tanamedrove msoflio religiebidan erTerTi udidesia.            

Sesavali

istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT wm. ieso CvenswelTa aRricxvamde  (Cv.w.aR.mde) 4-29 an 33 wlebs Soris erTerT ebraul ojaxSi daibada. sityva ’’qristianoba’’ pirvelad II saukuneSi iesos mimdevar antakielTaTvis iqna gamoyenebuli da ebraulad ’’cximians’’ niSnavs.

samebis Secdoma

qristianobis istoriaSi ’’samebis’’ winaaRmdeg uamravi qristiani da aTeisti mecnieri gamodioda. maT Soris yvelaze yuradsaRebia III saukuneSi mcxovrebi ariusis debulebebi, romelic warmoSobiT libielia, xolo dabadebuli da gazrdilia egvipteSi. samebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT yvelaze mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom arc Zvel da arc axal aRTqmaSi samebasTan dakavSirebuli winadadeba ki ara da sityvac ki ar moipoveba. mxolod es yvelaferi araswori da arapirdapiri gagebiTaa miRebuli.  sityva ’’sameba’’ pirvelad II sukuneSi antakieli Teofilusis mier iqna gamoyenebuli. amitom “samebis” mowinaaRmdege qristiani da aTeisti mkvlevarebi aseT SekiTxvebs svamen: ’’Tuki es sakiTxi marTali da aseTi mniSvnelovania maSin wm.iesos yvelasaTvis gasageb enaze ar unda ganemarta_ ra aris sameba?! anda bibliaSi yvelasaTvis gasagebad ar unda iyos dawerili amis Sesaxeb?!” da bolos im daskvnamde midian rom, bibliaSi ganumartebeli da pirveli qristianebis mier ucodinari “sameba” ar SeiZleba sarwmunoebis ZiriTadi debuleba iyos, es wm. iesos gardacvalebis (cad aRavlenis) Semdeg SeTxzulia.

sameba wm. iesos cxovrebidan saukuneebis Semdeg SeiTxza. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT pirvelad qristianul wyaroebs moviSvelieb. (The New Catholic Encyclopedia) axali kaTolikuri enciklobediis XIVtomis 295-e gverdze asea mocemyli: “sameba pirvelad qristianebisaTvis ucnobi sityva iyo. qristianulma samyarom is xmarebaSi IV sakuneSi Semoitana. jer kidev XX saukunis II naxevrisaTvis ’’samebis’’ zusti ganmateba da Teologiurad damtkiceba marTlac rom Znelia. romis kaTolikuri eklesiisa da sxvadasxva qristianebis mier naqadagebi ’’sameba’’  mxolod fantaziur samyaros Seesabameba da realobas ver asaxavs.  am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT qristianul samyaros ori azri gaaCnia: pirveli is aris, rom Zvelsa da axal aRTqmaSi sakmao masalis ar arsebobis gamo ’’sameba’’-ze ar unda visaubroT. xolo meore, romelic amtkicebs rom “sameba’’ qristianul moZRvrebaSi IV saukunis bolo meoTxedSi Semovida. marTlac rom “sameba” qristianul filosofiaSi IV saukunis bolos Semovida” (stili daculia T.gorgaZe).

qalaq iznikis sinodi

kaTolikuri eklesia didi xniT adre ecada, rom “sameba” qristianuuli moZRvrebis dasayrden wertilad gadaeqcia, magram, erTRmerTianobis momxre qristianebi mTeli ZaliT samebis winaaRmdeg gamovidnen da misi miReba SeaCeres. am yvelaferSi gadamwyveti roli 325 wels qalaq iznikSi Sekrebilma sinodma iTamaSa. sinods egviptidan, palestinidan, anatoliidan, siriidan, finikiidan 300-ze meti qristiani Teologi da mecnieri eswreboda. sinodi romis imperator konstantine I-is mowveviT Catarda. sinodze ZiriTadad ori mxare iyo warmodgenili: pirveli romlebic wm. iesos aRiarebdnen rogorc RmerTs da “samebas” icavdnen. maTi lideri aleqsandriis episkoposi aTanasiusi iyo. xolo meore mxare, romelTa lideri cnobili egvipteli mRvdeli ariusi iyo, eTRmerTiamobas amtkicebdnen. warmoSobiT libieli ariusi qalaq aleqsandriaSi gaizarda.  312 wels eklesiuri ganaTlebis dasrulebisTanave episkoposis wodeba miiRo. ariusi erTRmerTianobas aRiarebda da imdroisaTvis eklesiis mier miRebuli ‘’sameba’’ mcdarad miaCnda. ariusi bibliaSi moxseniebul sityva‘’RmerTis Svil’’s arapirdapiri mniSvnelobiT Tvlida da amis dasamtkiceblad maTes saxarebidan es taepi mohyavda: “netar arian mSvidobis myofelni, vinaidan RvTis Svilebad iwodebian’’ (maTe 5/9). is ambobda, rom vinc RmerTis brZanebisamebr moiqceva yvela RmerTis Svilad SeiZleba CaiTvaloso. is gansakuTrebul yuradRebas amaxvilebda bibliaSi mocemul sityva “adamianis Svilis” mimarT da ambobda, rom Tu RmerTis brZanebisamebr moviqceviT SegviZlia Cvenc RvTis Svilebi gavxdeTo.

rogorc zemoT mogaxseneT ariusi aleqsandriis episkoposi iyo, amitom sakuTari azrebis xalxSi gavrceleba ar gasWirvebia. vinc ömas usmenda xvdeboda, rom misi azrebi ufro WkuasTan axlos iyo, vidre romis katolikuri eklesiisa, amitom misi aRmsareblobis samarTlianobaSi rwmundeboda. magram aleqsandriis mTavarepiskoposi aleqsanderi, ariusisa da misi Tanamoazrebis aseTi warmatebis gamo Zalian Sewuxebuli iyo, radgan TviTon bibliaSi mocemul sityva “RmerTis Svil”s araTu gadataniTi, aramed pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT aRiqvamda, amasTanave is romis kaTolikuri eklesiis mimdevari iyo. aleqsanderi Seecada ariusisaTvis azrebi Seecvlevinebina, magram sawadels rom ver miaRwia, mis winaagmdeg Seupovari broZla daiwyo. am sakiTxze sakuTar xelnawerebSi ase  mogviTxrobs. “es  jgufi (laparakia ariusze da mis mimdevrebze T.gorgaZe) mTels egvipteSi, libiasa da zemo TebesSi gavrcelda. amitom, Cvenc egviptisa da libiis episkoposebTan erTad SevikribeT da isini davwyevleT” rogorc Semdeg vxedavT, es dawyevla marto sityvieri ar yofila, 318-wels ariusi da misi Tanamoazreebi eklesiidan gariyes.

rogor zemoT mogaxseneT, iznikis sinodi 325-wels Sesdga da mas 300-ze meti religiuri moRvawe daeswro. roca ariusis mimdevrebma gaZliereba daiwyes, romis imperatorma konstantine I –ma ariuss da mis Tanamoazreebs werili gaugzavna da erTad dgomis mniSvnelobaze esaubra. Mmagram, gaigo ra ariusi sakuTar aRmsareblobas Tavs ar daanebebda, episkopos xosiusis rCeviT, saeklesio kreba anu “sinodi” moixmo. zustad am sindoma miiRo Cvenamde moRweuli “sameba”. xolo vinc “samebas” ar iwamebda gzaacdenilad iTvleboda.

iznikis sinodi dRemde demokratiulad Catarebul sinodad iTvleba, magram, rogorc istoriuli wyaroebi gvamcnobs, mowveul 300-religiur moRvaweTa Soris ariusis  momxre mxolod da mxolod oci kaci iyo. Tavdapirvelad sinodi ankaraSi unda Catarebuliyo, magram iznikSi gadaitanes, rom ariusis momxreebs misvla gaZnelebodaT. amasTanave, konstantine I-s sazafxule agaraki hqonda iznikSi da sinodis dros TviTonac iq imyofeboda. imperatori sinodis yela Sekrebas daeswro da bunebrivia sakuTari azrebis gasamarjveblad zegavlenac moaxdina.

wm. iesos gaRmerTebasTan dakavSirebuli yvelaze didi Sekrbidan aseTi gadawyvetileba miiRes. “gvjera rom ieso RmerTis Svilia,  mama GRmerTidan mogvevlina, mama RmerTis tolia, RmerTidan RmerTia rogorc Suqidan Suqi”.

bibliaSi namdvili qristianoba

rogorc viciT qristianuli samyaros wminda wignebi or nawilad iyofa: Zveli aRTqma (anu TevraTi) da axali aRTqma (anu injili). aqedan gamomdinare, jer Zvel aRTqmaSi arsebul qristinianobas gadavxedoT da davrwmundeT, rom namdvili Qqristianoba ara Tu “sameba”-s aramed daJinebiT erTRmerTianobas qadagebs.

erTRmerTianoba Zvel aRTqmaSi

Rogorc viciT, ieso ebraul ojaxSi daibada. amavdroulad ebraul sazogadoebaze movlenili Suamavali iyo. xolo, rac Seexeba ebraelebs, mTeli 2000 wlis ganmovlobaSi erTRmerTianobas scemdnen Tayvans. wmida abraamidan dawyebuli ramodenime Suamavali moevlina israelis Svilebs da yvela Suamavalma erTRrTanoba iqadaga. garda amisa, mose Suamavalmac erTRmerTianoba iqadaga, Zveli aRTqmidan (Toradan) zogierT muxls moviyvan:

“ismine ei israelo! Cveniş RmerTi erTia” (Tesnie /anu ganmeoreba/ 6/4).

“RmerTi erTia, mis garda RmerTi ar arsebobs, dRes icode da daimaxsovre rom cisa da qveynis RmerTi is erTaderTia” (Tesnie /anu ganmeoreba/ 4/35-39)

“Cemamde RmerTi ar iyo da arc Cems mere iqneba, RmerTi, me var da Cems garda Tqveni gadamrCeni ar arsebobs. (iSia, 45/22) rogorc zemoT mocemuli Zveli aRTqmis taepebidan Cans, RmerTi erTia da mis garda RmerTi ar arsebobs. cotaTi Tu davakvirdebiT SevxedavT, rom zemoT mocemuli muxlebi Zalian hgavs islamis debulebebs. Zvel aRTqmaSi samebis Sesaxeb erTi winadadebac ki ar moipoveba.

bibliaSi naqadagebi erTRmerTianoba

miuxedavad imisa, rom dRevandelma axalma aRTqmam adamianebis mier uamravi saxecvlileba ganicada, mainc ver moxerxebula masSi erTRmerTianobis kvalis waSla. ieso mTeli misi cxovreba erTRmerTianobas qadagebd. magaliTisaTvis axali aRTqmidan ramodenime muxli moviyvanoT: “mivida masTan erTi mwignobarTagani, romelic yurs ugdebda maT kamaTs da icoda, rom man kargi pasuxi gasca maT, da hkiTxa: “romelia upirvelesi mcneba?

miugo iesom: “pirveli aris ismine israelo! ufali, RmerTi Cveni, erTi ufalia.

Seiyvare ufali, RmerTi Seni mTeli Seni guliT, mTeli Seni suliT, mTeli Seni gonebiT, mTeli Seni SeZlebiT. es aris pirveli mcneba”. (markozi 12/28-30) (es maTe 22/37 Sicaa mocemuli)

ufro metic, ieso sakuTari Tavis gaRmerTebas ki ara, gadidebasac ki krZalavda.

“gzaze rom gamodioda, viRac kacma miirbina masTan, muxli moiyara mis winaSe da Seevedra: “keTilo moZRvaro, ra vqna, rom saukuno sicocxle davimkvidro?”

iesom uTxra mas:”ratom miwodeb me keTils? Aaravin aris keTili, garda erTi RmerTisa”. (markozi 10/ 17-18)

axali aRTqmis es taepebic ki sakmarisia, rom gavigoT “sameba” araTu qristianobis fuZe, aramed iesos merea damatebuli. albaT, cotaodeni pasaJebis moyvanac rigiani iqneba imisaTvis, rom gavigoT namdvili qristianoba. “rogor SegiZliaT irwmunoT, roca erTi meorisagan RebulobT didebas, xolo didebas erTaderTi RvTisagan ar eZebT?” (ioane 5/44). garda am yvelafrisa, musulmaneibi iesos Suamavlad vaRierebT da ara uflad. am SemTxvevaSic marTlebi varT, vinaidan, es aramarto yuranSi aramed saxarebaSic kia moxseniebulii:“roca is Sevida ierusalimSi, mTeli qalaqi SeiZra da ambobden: es vin ariso?

xalxi ki ambobda: es iesoa, winaswarmetyveli galileis nazareTidan” (maTe 21/10-11). garda amisa, saxarebaSi kargad sCans rom ieso TviTonve winaaRmdegia samebisa. “aravis ar SeuZlia or batons emsaxuros: an erTi unda sZuldes da meore uyvardes, anda im erTs SeeTvisos da meore daamciros. ver SeZleb RmerTsac emsaxuro da mamonasac”. (maTe 6/24). garda am yvelafrisa, axal aRTqmaSi naTlad Cans, rom ieso ara Tu sakuTar Tavs aRiarebda uflad aramed,  ufro metic,  RmerTs sakuTar uflad cnobda: “uTxra mas: rogor moviqceT rom RvTis saqmeni vakeTo?

miugo iesom da uTxra maT: RvTis saqme is aris, rom irwmunoT igi, romelic man moavlina”. (ioane 6/28-29)

“uTxra mas eSmakma: Tu RvTis Ze xar uTxari am qvas da purad iqces.

miugo mas iesom: dawerilia rom ara mxolod puriT unda cocoxlobdes kaci , aramed RvTis sityviT.

da aiyvana igi maRal mTaze da uCvena erT wamSi msofliso yvela samefo.

da uTxra mas EeSmakma: mogcem mTels am xelmwifobas da maT didebas, vinaidan me maqvs mocemuli da visac minda imas vaZlev.

Tu Tayvans mcem, Seni iqneba yovelive.   

miugoşiesom da uTxra mas: dawerilia, ufals Sens RmerT eci Tayvani da mxolod mas emsaxure.

waiyvana igi ierusalems, daayena taZris frTaze da uTxara: Tu RvTis Ze xar Tavi gadaigde. aqedan Zirs.

vinaidan dawerilai, rom Tavis angelozebs ubrZsanebs Senze rom dagicvan.

da rom xelSi ayvanili gataron raTa qvas fexi ar wamohkra.

da miugo da uTxra mas iesom: naTqvamia ar gamoscado ufali RmerTi Seni”. (luka 4/3-12)

“eubneba mas ieso: ar Semexo, radgan jer ar avsulvar mamasTan. wadi Cems ZmebTan da uTxari: avdivar Cems mamasTan da Tqvens mamasTan, Cems RmerTTan da qvens RmerTTan”. (ioane 20/17)

“miugo maT iesom da Tqva: Cemi moZRvreba Cemi araa, aramed misia vinc memomavlina”. (ioane 7/16)

“CemTavad arafris gakeTeba ar SemiZlia. Rogorc vimsen, ise ganvikiTxav, da Cemeuli gankiTxva samarTliania radgan me Cems nebas ar veZeb, aramed Cemi momavlinebelis nebas”. (ioane 5/30)

“visac ar vuyvarvar, ar icavs Cems sityvebs. sityva romelsac ismenT, Cemi ki araa, Cemi momavlinebeli mamisaa”. (ioane 14/24)

“SesZaxa iesom taZarSi swavlebisa da Tqva: me mcnobT da iciT, saidan var. CemiT ar movsulvar . magram WeSmaritia Cemi momavlinebeli, romelsac Tqven ar icnobT.

me vicnob mas radgan misgan var da man omavlina”. (ioane 7/28-29)

“bevri maqvs Tqvenze salaparako da gansakiTxveli, magram vinc me momavlina WeSmaritia da rac misgan movismine imas vlaparakob”. (ioane 8/26)

“vinc me momavlina CemTanaa marto ar damtova, radgan mudam imas vakeTeb rac misTvis aris mosawoni”. (ioane 8/29)

“Tqven TviTon damemowmebiT, rom vTqvi: me ar var qriste, aramed movlenili var mis win”. (ioana 3/28)

http://islamige.azbuz.com/blog/yazi/oku/5000000007068024/NAMDVILI-KRISTIANOBA